Strategy Briefing Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Procedure Briefing Paper - Essay Example As per Nishino (1996), there is quick development in the car business around the globe as a result of the development in the interest of traveler vehicles and the general increment in the interest for less expensive car segments. Governments keep on putting forth attempts in empowering the development of the business in their nations. The interest for top notch vehicles is expanding a result of the development of the number of inhabitants in the working class populace in numerous nations making the acquisition of a vehicle to turn into an indication of monetary achievement (Goldberg 1995). As pointed by Berry, Levinsohn and Pakes (1995) the expansion in the interest for vehicle parts has constructed pressure on car creating organizations to search for options of decreasing the expense of creation and grasp increasingly financial strategies for creation. Through the procedure of globalization of the world economy, governments and exchange associations keep on empowering bringing down of levies and decrease in exchange limitations. This keeps on making the business progressively serious as every worldwide vehicle producing organization has equivalent access to the market. Each organization is in this manner extending its creation to upgrade their quality on the planet (Orsato and Wells 2007). The emphasis is generally on the gracefully of vehicles that meet the desire for customers and at the most reduced expenses. Aside from cost, the significant spotlight is additionally on air contamination, vitality effectiveness and brand meaning (Kolk and Pinkse 2004). The organization should concoct models that are increasingly productive as far as fuel utilization and low emanation of carbon dioxide to coordinate the current requests of clients and improve the notoriety of its brands everywhere throughout the world. The organization has effectively been applying the way of life of procuring different players in the business as a methods for developing and extending its tasks. To improve the pace of development, the

Free Essays on Proclamation Line

Decree of 1763 The finish of the French and Indian War in 1763 was a reason for incredible festival in the provinces, for it evacuated a few inauspicious hindrances and opened up a large group of new open doors for the pilgrims. The French had viably stitched in the British pioneers and had, from the point of view of the pilgrims, played the Indians against them. The primary thing on the brains of settlers was the extraordinary western outskirts that had opened to them when the French surrendered that challenged region to the British. The illustrious announcement of 1763 did a lot to hose that festival. The decree, as a result, cut off the outskirts to provincial extension. The King and his gathering introduced the announcement as a measure to quiet the feelings of dread of the Indians, who felt that the settlers would drive them from their properties as they extended westbound. Numerous in the settlements felt that the item was to pen them in along the Atlantic seaboard where they would be simpler to direct. Presumably there was a huge proportion of truth in both of these positions. Anyway the settlers really wanted to feel a solid disdain when what they saw to be their prize was grabbed away from them. The decree gave that all terrains west of the leaders of all streams which streamed into the Atlantic Ocean from the west or northwest were untouchable to the settlers. This barred the rich Ohio Valley and all domain from the Ohio to the Mississippi streams from settlement. The declaration additionally settled or characterized four new states, three of them on the landmass appropriate. Quebec, which was obviously effectively all around settled, two states to be called East Florida and West Florida-and off the mainland, Grenada. These realities were built up promptly, yet the vast majority of the announcement is dedicated to the subject of Indians and Indian terrains. It stated that the entirety of the Indian people groups were from there on under the security of the King. It necessitated that all terrains inside t... Free Essays on Proclamation Line Free Essays on Proclamation Line Announcement of 1763 The finish of the French and Indian War in 1763 was a reason for incredible festival in the settlements, for it expelled a few inauspicious obstructions and opened up a large group of new open doors for the pioneers. The French had viably trimmed in the British pilgrims and had, from the point of view of the pioneers, played the Indians against them. The main thing on the brains of pioneers was the extraordinary western boondocks that had opened to them when the French surrendered that challenged domain to the British. The illustrious announcement of 1763 did a lot to hose that festival. The announcement, as a result, shut off the outskirts to provincial extension. The King and his committee introduced the decree as a measure to quiet the feelings of trepidation of the Indians, who felt that the pilgrims would drive them from their properties as they extended westbound. Numerous in the states felt that the article was to pen them in along the Atlantic seaboard where they would be sim pler to direct. Almost certainly there was an enormous proportion of truth in both of these positions. Anyway the homesteaders really wanted to feel a solid disdain when what they saw to be their prize was grabbed away from them. The decree gave that all grounds west of the leaders of all streams which streamed into the Atlantic Ocean from the west or northwest were untouchable to the settlers. This rejected the rich Ohio Valley and all domain from the Ohio to the Mississippi waterways from settlement. The decree additionally settled or characterized four new states, three of them on the mainland appropriate. Quebec, which was obviously effectively all around settled, two provinces to be called East Florida and West Florida-and off the mainland, Grenada. These realities were built up quickly, yet a large portion of the announcement is dedicated to the subject of Indians and Indian terrains. It attested that the entirety of the Indian people groups were from that point under the assurance of the King. It necessitated that all terrains inside t...

How (and Why) to Live On Last Months Income

How (and Why) to Live On Last Months Income How (and Why) to Live On Last Months Income How (and Why) to Live On Last Months IncomeInstead of spending that fresh new paycheck right away, plan ahead and build yourself a financial buffer…If you’re living paycheck to paycheck, it can feel like you’re Tarzan swinging through the jungle. Every time you reach the end of one vine, you reach out and grab another. But what happens if you go to reach for a vine and there’s nothing there? Well, the answer is you probably end up plummeting down to the jungle floor. Ouch. (And gross. Jungle floors are gross.)Living from one paycheck to another leaves you without any kind of safety net. If you lose your job or have an unexpected expense, you’ll have to start piling on debt in order to keep going. But what if you had enough money in the bank that you weren’t living paycheck to paycheck? What if you were living a few paychecks ahead? This is called living on last month’s income. And it’s a great way to start giving your finances some much-needed stability.PLAN, SAVE AND PLAN AGAINThe first step is to make a monthly budget. This is one of those things that feels daunting until you actually get started. Once you sit down and map out how much income you receive each month and what your regular expenses are, you’ll feel better because you can literally see your needs and plan for them ahead of time.Now that you’ve made a budget, you can start proactively saving (read more in How to Avoid a Payday Loan: Savings Strategies). You’ll know exactly how much you need to save in order to cover a month’s worth of expenses. If your monthly expenses total $3,000 and you are able to save $700 a month, then it would take three months for you to save up. Plus, in that scenario, you’d have $100 left over. Why don’t you treat yourself by blowing that $100 on…your credit card bill?Now that you’ve saved enough money to cover a month’s expenses, wait until the next month and then use that money to cover that month’s expenses. It’s really pretty sim ple. Every paycheck you receive that month will go straight to the bank and remain untouched until the following month. From now on, you’ll always have a one-month buffer between the money you are earning and the money you are spending. It will also help you stay within your budget.WHAT’S NEXT?Congratulations, you are living on last month’s income. So, is that it? Nope! Now that you are practicing fiscal responsibility, it’s the perfect time to practice even more of it.Make sure that your budget includes saving additional money every month and start building an emergency fund, preferably at least six months worth of expenses. Make a plan for paying down your debt and look at the possibilities for a debt consolidation loan. And if you have less-than-perfect credit, check out our website, www.opploans.com. We offer installment loans with great rates and affordable monthly payments.

Police Brutality Ordinances - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 686 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2019/03/29 Category Society Essay Level High school Tags: Police Brutality Essay Did you like this example? The African American citizens located in a South Los Angeles neighborhood began to riot on April 29, 1992. This uproar began because of a violent action against an African American taxi driver, Rodney King, in 1991. Since then, many cases of police brutality have sparked disputes nationwide. Because of these quarrels, there should be stricter regulations on how to deal with police brutality cases. Trials meant to deal with police brutality cases have not always been handled equitably for everyone involved. When police are taken to a trial, prosecutors have full conduct of how it is handled. Prosecutors often entrust the situation to the police departments, which also leaves the punishments to be decided by the departments (Morrison). The departments dont punish these police officers because of reputation. They are scared of losing trust in the people and the community. Prosecutors often choose to do nothing when a police officer is accused, wanting to prove that the police did nothing wrong in the abuse of a citizen. Some states in the U.S. are creating laws that require public trials when officers are involved in brutality cases. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Police Brutality Ordinances" essay for you Create order According to Caren Morrison, Californias approach, making prosecutors proceed by public preliminary hearing rather than by grand jury, should help protect against the most blatant forms of sabotage by prosecutors. She is explaining how California has required cases to go to a public hearing, so there is a smaller chance of sabotage from the prosecutor. Sabotage can show false information and influence how the suspect is treated. Most police are not penalized because there is no evidence involved. If these sabotages were terminated, police cases could be truthful and the officers involved would be punished. How do we spread news of police brutality? Not a lot of people think about how violent police brutality cases are, and awareness about it can be transmitted. However, many citizens of the U.S. dont take it as seriously as they should. Police can also be bias about situations and who is involved in them. Many U.S. citizens believe being a generous and kind person is helping to combat racism; its not. (Williams). There are many positive people, but performing nothing will not stop bad things from happening. Bailey Williams explains that You dont have to wait for another viral video or hashtag to take action death and physical violence should not be the catalyst for acting. In other words, action can be made immediately against police brutality, you just have to do something. There are many ways to bring attention to police brutality. In Georgia in 2010, a black mom by the name of Caroline Small was shot eight times after a low-speed chase. The police said they were afraid of her hitting them with her car. Small was not armed an d she had not committed any crimes (Morrison). The police discussed the event, but the shooting was found justified. Many other events have sparked riots and uprisings, and it is helping to spread recognition of police brutality. While others say that police should be punished for their actions against innocent people, there are many who disagree with that. They claim that police have the choice to go to court, and should not have to communicate about the cases. However, police are citizens just like the rest of the people in the U.S. and should be required to go to court. According to Caren Morrison, prosecutors have a choice when police cases are assigned to them. Usually, they do nothing, and the police are not punished for their actions. This message is given to police officers, and they continue to abuse their power over citizens. If there were stricter regulations when punishing officers, maybe the number of cases would decline. Regulations and laws concerning police brutality cases are being ignored by prosecutors. Police are often lazy and choose the easy way out of situations, and most situations are handled violently. However, when on trial, many prosecutors either sabotage the evidence or dont want to even do the trial. Because of this, uprisings have started and spreading the word about how unfair the trials are.

African Americans During The Civil War - 796 Words

Socially, politically, economically, African Americans were kept out of society. And they had to scratch and bite to get whatever advantages they could. African Americans were the main labor force; back then black children are forced to work rather than go to school. African Americans have for the most part lost whatever political situation they had had as a result of Reconstruction. And it was done very brutally and it was done very systematically. Another issue was in order to make sure that African Americans did not attempt to assert themselves in any way, whether it was voting, whether it was trying to buy land, the white South resorted to terrorism. And that terrorism which was a legacy that never stopped from the time of the Civil†¦show more content†¦His human pity was the foundation that made all this possible. If we must die is about losing nobly. who wants to die losing battle with no pride most of all without dignity but if we must go we may as well go down fight ing and be honored with dignity afterwards instead of losing everything and be forgotten without a purpose give them something to talk about remember us by. The poem uses quatrains iambic pentameter in majority of the poem. It seems to be conditional to begin each sentence in the octave There is an extended simile where African Americans are being compared to hogs. He calls on them to fight back even though they have no chance of winning. The poem uses this simile to show how the brutality and un-human nature of the attacks on African Americans were. Claude MacKaye’s uses a simile to show how he doesn t want to end up beaten and battered like a wild animal no one will care for nor remember in the line If we must die-let it not be like hogs† (Claude McKay). (1919-1940) An unspeakable and distasteful rise in hate crime, dreadful race riots, and overall abominable violence towards the African American communities. The struggles of African Americans in the United States, particularly prejudices that are often encountered. The riots had wrought havoc in the country and were characterized by savage acts, massacres, tragedy countless and unjustifiable deaths of African American people. Greatly cussing of GOD and

The Stupidest Angel Chapter 10 Free Essays

string(60) " a small silver coin about the size of a dime in the other\." Chapter 10 LOVE, KICKED TO THE CURB â€Å"You did what?† Lena said, then adding, â€Å"And take that bat off your head, it’s unnerving to have a hat looking at you like that.† â€Å"Like what?† Tuck said. â€Å"Don’t change the subject. We will write a custom essay sample on The Stupidest Angel Chapter 10 or any similar topic only for you Order Now You blackmailed Theo Crowe?† She was pacing her kitchen. Tuck sat at the counter, wearing a gold oxford-cloth shirt that complemented the bat on his head while accentuating the sea blue of his eyes. The bat, for once, wasn’t wearing sunglasses. â€Å"Not really. It was only sort of implied. He’d figured out that I’d been in your ex-husband’s truck. He knew. Now he’ll just forget it.† â€Å"He may not. He may have some integrity, unlike some people.† â€Å"Hey, hey, hey. Let’s not point the finger here, my ex is still living well in the Caymans on money that I rightfully stole from an organ-smuggling doctor, while yours, need I remind you –  » â€Å"Dale’s death was an accident. Everything since then, all this craziness, has been your doing. You come into my life at the worst possible moment, like you had a plan all along, and things have gone more and more out of control. Now you’re blackmailing my friends. Tucker, are you insane?† â€Å"Sure.† â€Å"Sure? Just like that? Sure, you’re insane?† â€Å"Sure, everyone is. If you think anyone is sane you just don’t know enough about them. The key – and this is very relevant in our case – is to find someone whose insanity dovetails with your own. Like us.† He flashed what Lena thought was supposed to be a charming grin, which was somewhat defused by his trying to untangle one of Roberto’s wing claws from his hair. Lena turned from him and leaned against the counter in front of the dishwasher, hoping to steel herself for what she had to do. Unfortunately Tuck had just run a load of dishes and the steam from the vent in front was streaming through her thin skirt and making her feel inappropriately moist for righteous indignation. She spun around with resolve and allowed the dishwasher to steam her backside as she made her pronouncement. â€Å"Look, Tucker, you are a very attractive man†¦Ã¢â‚¬  She took a deep breath on the pause. â€Å"No way. You’re breaking up with me?† â€Å"And I do like you, despite the situation –  » â€Å"Oh, right, you don’t want to have anything to do with an attractive guy who you like, heaven forbid – ; â€Å"Would you shut up!† The bat barked at her tone. â€Å"You, too, fur face! Look, in another time and place, maybe. But you’re too – I’m too – you just accept things too easily. I need –  » â€Å"Your anxiety?† â€Å"Would you please let me finish?† â€Å"Sure, go ahead.† He nodded. The bat, now on his shoulder, nodded as well. Lena had to look away. â€Å"And your bat is freaking me out.† â€Å"Yeah, well, you should have been around when he used to talk.† â€Å"Out! Tucker! I need you out of my life. I have too much to deal with – you are too much to deal with.† â€Å"But the sex, it was great, it was – ; â€Å"I understand if you want to go to the authorities – I may even go myself – but this just isn’t right.† Tucker Case hung his head. Roberto the fruit bat hung his head. Tucker Case looked at the fruit bat, who, in turn, looked at Lena, as if to say, Well, I hope you ‘re happy, you broke his heart. â€Å"I’ll get my stuff,† Tuck said. Lena was crying, and she didn’t want to be crying, but she was. She watched Tuck pick up his things around the house and stuff them into a flight bag, wondering how he had spread so much crap around her house in only two days. Men, they were always marking territory. He paused at the door and looked back. â€Å"I’m not going to go to the authorities. I’m just going to go.† Lena rubbed her forehead as if she had a headache but mainly to cover her tears. â€Å"Okay, then.† â€Å"I’m going, then†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"Good-bye, Tucker.† â€Å"You won’t have anyone to sex up under the Christmas tree†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Lena looked up. â€Å"Jeez, Tuck.† â€Å"Okay. I’m going now.† And he did. Lena Marquez went into her bedroom to call her friend Molly. Maybe crying over the phone to a girlfriend would bring a sense of normalcy back into her life. Sour Nerds? Cinnamon Geeks? Or Gummy Boogers? Sam Applebaum’s mom was picking out a ;nice; reasonably priced Cabernet, and Sam was allowed one item of candy from the rack at Brine’s Bait, Tackle, and Fine Wines. Of course the Boogers would last the longest, but they were all mundane green-apple finish, while the Nerds proffered a fruity variety and an impudent little top note of tang. Cinnamon Geeks had a rich nose and a bit of a bite up front, but their tiny certified-public-accountant shape betrayed their bourgeois origins. Sam was learning wine words. He was seven and he very much enjoyed unnerving adults with his wine-word vocabulary. Hanukkah had just ended and there had been a lot of dinners at Sam’s house over the last week, with a lot of wine talk, and Sam had joyfully freaked out a whole table of his relatives by pronouncing after the blessing that the Manischewitz blackberry (the only wine he was allowed to taste) was a â€Å"tannacious little cunt of a red, but not without a certain buttery geranium charm.† (He finished dinner in his room over that one – but it was tannacious. Philistines.) â€Å"You are one of the Chosen?† said a voice up and to the right of Sam. â€Å"I destroyed the Canaanites so your people would have a homeland.† He looked up and saw a man with long blond hair wearing a long black duster. A jolt went through Sam like he’d just licked a battery. This was the guy that had scared his friend Josh so badly. He looked around and saw his mom was in the back of the store with Mr. Masterson, the owner. â€Å"Can I get these with this?† asked the man. He had three candy bars in one hand, and a small silver coin about the size of a dime in the other. You read "The Stupidest Angel Chapter 10" in category "Essay examples" The coin looked very old. â€Å"That’s a foreign coin. I don’t think they take it.† The man nodded thoughtfully and looked very sad at the news. â€Å"But Nestle’s Crunch is a fine choice,† said Sam, trying to buy time, and keep the guy from going off on him. â€Å"A bit naive, but an undergrowth of ambergris and walnut gives it legs.† Sam looked around for his mom again. She was still talking wine with Mr. Masterson, flirting about it – Sam could be cut up in pieces and put away in freezer bags and she wouldn’t notice. Maybe he could get the guy to leave. â€Å"Look, they aren’t looking. Why don’t you just take them?† â€Å"I can’t,† said the blond man. â€Å"Why not?† â€Å"Because no one has told me to.† Oh no. This guy looked like a grown-up, but actually he had the mind of a dumb little kid inside. Like that guy in Sling Blade, or the president. â€Å"Then I’ll tell you to, okay?† Sam said. â€Å"Go ahead. Take them. You’d better get going, though. It’s going to rain.† Sam couldn’t remember ever talking to an adult like this before. The blond man looked at his candy bars, then at Sam. â€Å"Thank you. Peace on Earth, goodwill toward men. Merry Christmas.† â€Å"I’m Jewish, remember? We don’t celebrate Christmas. We celebrate Hanukkah, the miracle of the lights.† â€Å"Oh, that wasn’t a miracle.† â€Å"Sure it was.† â€Å"No, I remember. Someone snuck in and put more oil in the lamp. But I will grant a Christmas miracle tomorrow. I must go.† With that, the blond man backed away, hugging his candy bars to his chest. â€Å"Shalom, child.† And in an instant he was just gone. â€Å"Great!† Sam said. â€Å"Just great. Throw that in my face!† Kendra – the Warrior Babe of the Outland, combat mistress of the hot-oil arena, slayer of monsters, menace to mutants, scourge of the sand pirates, sworn protector of the cud-beast herdsmen of Lan, and intramural Blood Champion of the Termite People (mounds seven through twelve inclusive) – enjoyed cheese. So it came to pass, on that twenty-third of December, with her noodles wet and congealing in the colander, that she did raise her well-muscled arm to the sky and call the wrath of all the Furies down upon her higher power, Nigoth the Worm God, for allowing her to leave the mozzarella at the Thrifty-Mart checkout counter. But the gods do not concern themselves in the affairs of lasagna, so the sky did not explode with vengeful fire (or at least not that she could see from the kitchen window) to incinerate the mingy god who would dare desert her in her most dire hour of cheese. What happened was nothing at all. â€Å"Curse be unto yon, Nigoth! Would that my blade was not broken, I would track you to the ends of the Outland and sever your thousand and one eyestalks, just to make sure I got your favorite. Then I would feed them raw to the most heinous –  » Then the phone rang. â€Å"Helloo,† Molly sang sweetly. â€Å"Molly?† Lena said. â€Å"You sound out of breath. Are you okay?† â€Å"Quick, think of something,† said the Narrator, â€Å"Don’t tell her what you were doing.† The Narrator had been with Molly almost constantly for the last two days, mostly an irritation, except that he had remembered how much oregano and thyme to use in the red sauce. Nevertheless, she knew that he was a sign she needed to get back on her meds ASAP. â€Å"Oh, yeah, I’m fine, Lena. Just buffing the muffin. You know, gray afternoon, storm coming in, Theo’s a mutant – I thought I’d cheer myself up.† There was a long silence on the line, and Molly wondered if she’d sounded convincing. â€Å"Completely convincing,† said the Narrator. â€Å"If I wasn’t here, I’d swear you were still doing it.† â€Å"You’re not here!† Molly said. â€Å"Pardon?† said Lena. â€Å"Molly, I can call back if this is a bad time.† â€Å"Oh, no, no, no. I’m okay. Just making lasagna.† â€Å"I’ve never heard it called that before.† â€Å"For the party.† â€Å"Oh, right. How’s it going?† â€Å"I forgot the mozzarella. Paid for it, then left it at the check stand.† She looked at the three cartons of ricotta sitting on the counter, mocking her. Soft cheeses could be so smug. â€Å"I’ll go pick it up and bring it over.† â€Å"No!† Molly felt a jolt of adrenaline at the thought that she’d have to push through a long girlfriend session with Lena. Things were getting so blurry between Pine Cove and the Outland. â€Å"I mean, it’s okay. I can do it. I enjoy cheese – shopping for cheese.† Molly heard a sniffle on the other end of the line. â€Å"Mol, I really need to help you with the goddamn lasagna, okay? Really.† â€Å"Well, she sounds as nutty as you are,† said the Narrator. Molly swatted at the air to shut him up – did a finger-to-lip emphatic rocking shush mime. â€Å"She’s a crisis junkie if I ever saw one.† â€Å"I need to talk to someone,† Lena said with a sniff. â€Å"I broke up with Tucker.† â€Å"Oh, I’m so sorry, Lena. Who’s Tucker?† â€Å"The pilot I was seeing.† â€Å"The guy with the bat? You just met him, didn’t you? Take a bath. Eat some ice cream. You’ve known him two days, right?† â€Å"We shared a lot.† â€Å"Cowboy up, Lena. You fucked him and kicked him to the curb. It’s not like he stole your design for a coldfusion reactor. You’ll be okay.† â€Å"Molly! It’s Christmas. You’re supposed to be my friend.† Molly nodded at the phone, then realized that Lena couldn’t hear her. True, she wasn’t being a very good friend. After all, she was sworn protector of the cud-beast herdsmen of Lan, as well as a member of the Screen Actors Guild, it was her duty to pretend she cared about her friend’s problems. â€Å"Bring the cheese,† she said. â€Å"We’ll be here.† â€Å"We?† â€Å"Me. Bring the cheese, Lena.† Theo Crowe showed up at Brine’s Bait, Tackle, and Fine Wines just in time to miss everything. Robert Masterson, the owner of Brine’s, had called him as soon as he’d seen the mysterious blond man talking to Sam Applebaum, and Theo had rushed right over, only to find that there was nothing to find. The blond guy hadn’t hurt or threatened Sam, and the boy seemed fine, except that he kept babbling about changing his religion and becoming a Rastafarian like his cousin Preston who lived on Maui. Theo realized midway through the interview that he was not the guy to enumerate the reasons why one should not spend his life smoking dope and surfing like Sam’s cousin Preston because he: (A) had never learned to surf, and (B) didn’t have the foggiest idea how Rastafarianism worked, and (C) would eventually have to use the argument: And look at what a complete loser I am – you don’t want that for yourself, do you, Sam? He left the scene fee ling even more useless than he had after the verbal bitch-slapping he’d taken from the pilot at Lena Marquez’s house. When Theo pulled into his driveway at lunchtime, hoping he might be able to patch things up with Molly and get some sympathy and a sandwich, he saw Lena’s truck parked in front of the cabin and his heart sank. He debated shuffling over to the commercial pot patch and smoking a sticky bud before going in, but that sounded an awful lot like the behavior of an addict, and he was simply on a little slide from grace, not a blowout. Still, he came through the door humbled, not sure at all how he was going to handle Lena, who might be a murderer, let alone Molly. â€Å"Traitor!† Molly said from over a pan of noodles she was layering into a pan with sauce, meat, and cheese. She had sauce on her hands up to her elbows and looked like she’d been engaged in some very messy surgery. The back door out of the kitchen had slammed shut as he came in. â€Å"Where’s Lena?† Theo said. â€Å"She went out the back. Why, are you afraid she’ll reveal your secret?† Theo shrugged and approached his wife, his arms out to the side in a â€Å"gimme a break† gesture. Why was it that when she was angry her teeth looked really sharp? He never noticed that any other time. â€Å"Mol, I was just doing it so I could get you something for Christmas – I didn’t mean to – ; â€Å"Oh, I don’t care about that – you’re investigating Lena. My friend Lena. You just went to her house like she’s a criminal or something. It’s the radiation, isn’t it?† â€Å"There’s evidence, Molly. And it’s not that I got high. I found fruit-bat hairs in Dale’s truck and her boyfriend has a fruit bat. And the little Barker kid said – † Theo heard a car start up outside. â€Å"I should talk to her.† â€Å"Lena wouldn’t hurt anyone. She brought me cheese for Christmas, for Christ’s sake. She’s a pacifist.† â€Å"I know that, Molly. I’m not saying that she hurt anyone, but I need to find out –  » â€Å"Besides, some fuckers just need killing!† â€Å"Did she tell you – ; â€Å"I think it’s the pot that makes you reveal your mutant self.† She had a lasagna noodle in her hand and was waving it at him. It sort of looked like she was shaking a living creature, but then, he was still a little buzzed. â€Å"Molly, what are you talking about, ‘my mutant self’? Are you taking your meds?† â€Å"How dare you accuse me of being crazy. That’s worse than if you asked me if it was my time of the month, which it isn’t, by the way. But I can’t believe that you’d imply that I need to be medicated. You mutant bastard!† She flung the noodle at him and he ducked. â€Å"You do need to be medicated, you crazy bitch!† Theo didn’t deal well with violence, even in the form of soggy semolina, but after the initial outburst, he immediately lost the will to fight. â€Å"I’m sorry, I don’t know what I was thinking. Let’s just – ; â€Å"Fine!† Molly said. She wiped her hands on a dish towel, then tossed it at him. In dodging it, he felt like he was moving in blurred bullet time in the Matrix, but in truth he was just a tall guy who was a little baked and the towel would have missed him anyway. Molly stomped through the little house, into their bedroom, and dropped to the floor on the far side of the bed. â€Å"Molly, you okay?† She came up holding a package the size of a shoe box wrapped in Christmas paper with a few dust bunnies clinging to it. She held it out to him. â€Å"Here. Take it and go. I don’t want to see you, traitor. Go.† Theo was stunned. Was she leaving him? Asking him to leave her? How had this gone so wrong so fast? â€Å"I don’t want to go. I’m having a really bad day, Molly. I came home hoping to find a little sympathy.† â€Å"Yeah? Okay. Here you go. Aw, poor stoned Theo, I’m so sorry that you have to investigate my best friend the day before Christmas Eve when you could be out playing in an illegal pot patch that looks like the jungle plateau of the gibbon people.† She held out his present and he took it. What the hell was she talking about? â€Å"So it is about the victory garden?† â€Å"Open it,† she said. She didn’t say a word more. She put a hand on her hip and fixed him with that â€Å"I am so going to kick your ass or fuck your brains out† look that excited and terrified him, as he wasn’t always sure which way she would go with it, only that she was going to get satisfaction one way or the other and he was going to be sore the next day because of it. It was a Warrior Babe look, and he realized fully, then, that she was having an episode. She probably really was off her meds. This had to be handled just right. He backed away a few steps and tore the paper off the package. Inside was a white box with the silver seal of a very exclusive local glassblower, and inside that, wrapped in blue tissue, was the most beautiful bong he’d ever seen. It was like something out of the Art Nouveau era, only fashioned from modern materials, blue-green dichromatic glass with ornate silver branches running through it that gave it the appearance of walking through a forest as he turned it in his hand. The bowl and handle, which fit his hand perfectly, appeared to be cast of solid silver with the same organic tree-branch design seeming to leap right out of the glass. This had to have been made just for him, with his tastes in mind. He felt himself tearing up and blinked back the tears. â€Å"It’s beautiful.† â€Å"Uh-huh,† Molly said. â€Å"So you can see it’s not your garden that bothers me. It’s just you.† â€Å"Molly, I only want to talk to Lena. Her boyfriend threatened to blackmail me. I was only growing – ; â€Å"Take it and go,† Molly said. â€Å"Honey, you need to call Dr. Val, maybe see if she’ll see you –  » â€Å"Get out, goddammit. You don’t tell me to see the shrink. Get out!† It was no use. Not now, anyway. Her voice had hit the Warrior Babe frenzy pitch – he recognized it from the times he’d taken her to the county hospital before they’d become involved as lovers. When she’d just been the town’s crazy lady. She’d lose it if he pressed her any more. â€Å"Fine. I’ll go. But I’ll call you, okay?† She just gave him that look. â€Å"It’s Christmas†¦Ã¢â‚¬  One last try maybe. The look. â€Å"Fine. Your present is on the top shelf in the closet. Merry Christmas.† He dug some underwear and socks out of the drawer, grabbed a few shirts out of the closet, and headed out the front door. She slammed it hard enough behind him to break one of the windows. The glass hitting the sidewalk sounded like a summary of his whole life. How to cite The Stupidest Angel Chapter 10, Essay examples

Health Professionals and Immigration Detention in Australia

Question: Discuss about the Health Professionals and Immigration Detention in Australia. Answer: The present application has been made on the basis of the instructions that have been given by Sukhon Chaiprasit who is a client of mine and a citizen of Vietnam. In the present application, the waiver of condition 8503 has been requested as this condition has been imposed on the visa of Sukhon and the visa is going to expire within a month so that applicant may apply for subclass 602 Class UB Medical Treatment visa. In this context, the 8503 conditioning goes on the visa of Sukhon provides that the holder of the visa will not be permitted to make an application for any other substantive visa, apart from a protection visa for the time, the visa holder remains in Australia. At the same time, as a result of the imposition of this condition, it is also required that the visa holder should leave Australia in case he or she wants to make application for another substantial visa.[1] The result is that after the expiry of the current visa, the visa holder will no longer be allowed to stay in Australia. However, the condition 8503 imposed on the visa of Sukhon can be waived if she fulfills the criteria prescribed by Regulations 2.05(4)[2] and also in accordance with subsection 41(2)(a), Migration Act.[3] According to the provisions of regulation 2.05(4), it has been provided that condition 8503 imposed on the visa of a person can be waived if it can be established before the Minister that there has been a significant change of circumstances, after the visa was granted to such a person. At the same time, it also needs to be established that the change in the circumstances of the person was beyond the control of the person who is looking for the waiver of condition 8503 and at the same time, the change has resulted in a noteworthy alteration in the situation of such a person. Another requirement in this case is that the person should not have made any other application and similarly no application for the waiver of the condition 8503 should have been denied. My client, Sukhon fulfills all the qualifications that have been mentioned by section 41(2)(a), Migration Act and also the requirements of regulation 2.05(4) and in this way, it can be said that she qualifies for the waiver of condition 8503 that has been imposed on her visa in view of the below mentioned reasons. When Sukhon was returning after dinner, she was attacked by some persons in Melbourne's CBD. This attack took place a week ago. The doctors from the hospital where she received the treatment strongly recommended that Sukhon should not travel at least for six months due to the fact that she had received the confessions when she was attacked on that night. At the same time, Sukhon also has to visit the hospital after every two days for her checkup. The expenses of a treatment are being paid by the Crimes Compensation Tribunal. The prosecutors also want Sukhon to become a witness when the proceedings are initiated against the attackers. It also needs to be mentioned that she had no control over this change in circumstances and moreover, Sukhon did not have any role in this incident. She had no role in the attack and had not contributed in any way in this violence as has been the case in Minister for Immigration and Multicultural affairs v Farahanipour[4] where the court stated that the waiver of condition 8503 imposed on the visa applicants will not be available if the applicant also had a part in these circumstances. But in the present case, Sukhon did not have any role to play in this incident. Another case that can be cited in support of the applicant is that of Nguyen v Minister. In this case, the applicant was from Vietnam and visited Australia by holding a business visa and condition 8503 was imposed on the visa of the applicant. However the applicant married an Australian citizen and within a week, applied for the spousal visa. In its support, the applicant argued that in view of the marriage of the applicant, condition 8503 imposed on the visa of the applicant should be waived.[5][6] But in this case, the court was of the view that the circumstance of being married to an Australian citizen cannot be treated as compelling circumstances. But in the present case, compassionate and compelling circumstances are present in waive the condition 8503 imposed on the visa of Sukhon. Therefore, Sukhon wants that the Minister should use his discretion by invoking section 41, Migration Act and waive the condition 8503 that has been imposed on her visa. In the present case, she fulfils the qualifications and the circumstances contemplated by Regulation 2.05. Hence, the waiver of condition 8503 imposed on her visa is sought in this applicant. Yours sincerely Attorney of Sukhon Chaiprasit The relevant provision could deal with this issue has been mentioned in section 48, Migration Act, 1958. This section provides that the applicants cannot make any further application for visa in Australia, other than the circumstances where the applicant applies for a bridging visa, enforcement or a criminal Justice visa.[7] Under these circumstances, the application for visa that has been made by the former agent of Sukhon can be said to be invalid. The reason behind this conclusion is that condition 8503 was present on the visa granted to her and the legislative requirements that have been mentioned in section 48, Migration Act. Under these circumstances, it is clear that a valid visa application could not be made by Sukhon as provided by section 46, Migration Act. Another reason due to which the application that had been lodged by the former immigration agent of Sukhon is invalid is due to the reason that the former agent did not seek that condition 8503 imposed on her visa should be waived before the application for another substantial visa was made. According to Regulations 2.05, it has been described that the first requirement for the applicants is that they should apply to the Minister and see the better of condition 8503 before they can make an application for another visa. The laws of provides that when the application for the condition 8503 has been denied, the applicant can only make an application for a bridging visa for the purpose of making arrangements to depart from Australia. It has been mentioned in section 46, Migration Act that the visa application can be treated as invalid in case the applicant is a migration zone and the visa granted to the applicant had a condition imposed, that has been mentioned in paragraph 41(2) and when the Minister has not waived this condition as provided in subsection 41(2)(a) and is of the opinion that according to the present circumstances, the application for visa is not entitled to be allowed.[8] In this way, when condition 8503 has been attached on visa, the legal effect of this situation is that such a person can no longer make a valid application for any other substantive visa while such person is still in Australia. Section 48, Migration Act as mentioned in this regard that a visa has been declined to a non-citizen or the visa of the non-citizen has been canceled, can only apply for a particular class of visa. The effect of this situation is that when a visa has been declined to the applicant, except a bridging visa, when it was applied for by non-citizen or when it was considered according to the provisions of section 109, the person is allowed to apply for the particular class of visa that is described in this regard and not for any other class. Therefore, in view of the situation, it has been provided by section 48 that a substantive visa is a bridging visa, criminal justice or an enforcement visa. In this context, section 48(3) of the Act provides that when a person is precluded from using a bridging visa in order to avoid the application under section 48 while traveling globally. The conditions need to be prescribed in accordance with regulations 2.05(1) and (2). In view of the legal provisions mentioned above, it can be said that in this case Sukhon can make an application to the Minister by establishing that compelling/compassionate circumstances are present due to which it can be testified that she lodges an application while she is still in Australia. 3. In this question, it needs to be decided if there has been a breach of code of conduct by the former immigration agent appointed by Sukhon. Therefore in the answer, it can be said that indeed there has been a breach of the code of conduct on the part of the immigration agent that was earlier appointed by Sukhon. For example, it was a breach of the code of conduct as the former immigration agent was well aware of the fact that when condition 8503 is attached, there are very constricting chances of making a visa application and it should be used only in case of very rare circumstances.[9] The law provides that it should not be used as an alternative to fulfilling the criteria for making an application for visa, for example having the intention of visiting someone. The relevant legal provisions that deals with such a situation is present in schedule 2, code of conduct according to which, it is required that the registered migration agents should act in accordance with law and try to protect the legitimate interests of their clients. It is also required by the code of conduct that the agents should deal competently, diligently and fairly with their clients. However, going against these requirements, the former agent of Sukhon did not according to the best interests of Sukhon, who was his client. The reason is that in this case, Sukhon should have applied for subclass 602 Class UB Medical Treatment visa but ignoring these requirements, an application was made by the former agent of Sukhon even when he knew very well that condition 8503 has been attached to her visa. Similarly in this regard, it has been mentioned in Regulation 2.6 that the migration agents are under an obligation to consider the objective criteria of the case and they are going to apply for a visa under the Act and Regulations. After doing so, the agents should frankly tell their clients regarding the chances of success of the application. But contrary to these provisions, the agent previously hired by Sukhon did not disclose the chances of success of the application made on behalf of Sukhon. In this case, it can also be said that another provision of the code of conduct that has been breached by this migration agent was Regulation 2.19 according to which, keeping in view the instructions of the client, it is the duty of the migration agent to disclose full assessment of the facts to the Department against the relevant criteria. But in this case, the former agent applied for a visitor visa in place of the medical treatment visa and did not reflect all the circumstances of the applicant. As a result it can be said that this migration agent has prejudiced the chances of approval of his client. Bibliography Briskman, Linda, Deborah Zion, and Bebe Loff. "Challenge and collusion: health professionals and immigration detention in Australia."The International Journal of Human Rights14.7 (2010): 1092 Castles, Stephen. "Understanding global migration: A social transformation perspective"Journal of ethnic and migration studies36.10 (2010): 1565-1586 Crock, Mary, and Kate Bones, "Australian exceptionalism: Temporary protection and the rights of refugees."Melb. J. Int'l L.16 (2015): 522 Kritz, Mary M.International migration, John Wiley Sons, Ltd, 2011 M Bagaric, K Boyd, D Penny , S Tongue and J Vrachnas, Migration and Refugee Law in Australia: Cases and Commentary (Cambridge University Press, 2007) Minister for Immigration Multicultural Affairs v Farahanipour - [2001] FCA 82 Nguyen v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural Affairs - [2001] FCA 360 Migration regulations, 1994 Migration Act, 1958

About Pepsi Cola

About Pepsi Cola Free Online Research Papers Pepsi is that Blue, Red and White American designed can that has evolved, into an array of flavorful beverages that many have come to love and enjoy. Pepsi contains: CARBONATED WATER, HIGH FRUCTOSE CORN SYRUP, CARAMEL COLOR, SUGAR, PHOSPHORIC ACID, CAFFEINE, CITRIC ACID, and NATURAL FLAVORS Calories 100 Total Fat (g) 0 Sodium (mg) 20 Potassium (mg) 10 Total Carbohydrates (g) 28 Sugars (g) 28 Protein (g) 0 Caffeine (mg) 25 The Pepsi beverage brand has more than one line of beverages under the product label. The beverages lines consist of Gatorade, Starbucks cold coffee drinks, Aquafina, Life Water, Dole, Tropicana, Sobe, Lipton Teas, Brisk Tea, Adrenaline, Sobe No Fear, AMP, Mountain Dew, Sierra Mist and Diet Pepsi, Caffeine Free Pepsi, Pepsi Jazz and Pepsi. The product mix remains in the Beverage range, bottled, can or fountain in a variety of selections from 4 ounces to 24 packs. The packaging for each individual item is uniquely branded or trademarked by Pepsi. Pepsi’s name is derived from two of the principal ingredients, pepsin and kola nuts. The drink was created in New Bern, North Carolina; by a pharmacist named Caleb Bradham in 1897. Pepsi was originally sold for a nickel. The Pepsi colors were changed originally to support the war to Red, White and Blue. Innovation has been key to the substantial growth of the company. General information from www.pepsiworld.com and www.pepsico.com Research Papers on About Pepsi ColaMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductThe Masque of the Red Death Room meaningsAnalysis Of A Cosmetics AdvertisementBook Review on The Autobiography of Malcolm XWhere Wild and West MeetPETSTEL analysis of IndiaThe Hockey GameThe Spring and AutumnHonest Iagos Truth through DeceptionStandardized Testing

The development of a web based system that provides quality data in real time, for dynamic information retrieval and display (web mobile). The WritePass Journal

The development of a web based system that provides quality data in real time, for dynamic information retrieval and display (web mobile). 1.1 Introduction The development of a web based system that provides quality data in real time, for dynamic information retrieval and display (web mobile). 1.1 Introduction1.2  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Key Phrases1.3  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Aims and objectives1.4 Scope and Definition1.5 Literature review1.6 Methodology1.8 Work Plan1.9   Resources1.10   Ethics and confidentialityInitial ReferencesRelated 1.1 Introduction In recent years, the Internet and World Wide Web (www) have become ubiquitous, surpassing all other technological developments in our history. Theyve also grown rapidly in their scope and extent of use, significantly affecting all aspects of our lives. Industries such as manufacturing, travel and tourism, banking, education, Olympic Games and government are Web-enabled to improve and enhance their operations. Web-based information systems (WIS) are information systems (IS) that are based on Web technology and they are integrated with conventional IS such as databases and transaction processing systems (Chen Heath, 2001; Isakowitz, Bieber, Vitali, 1998). Nowadays there is a rise in the amount of readymade web based information systems available in the form of content management systems, which can easily be integrated into an organisations existing information system to provide solutions (e-commerce, social networking, file sharing etc.) to the information needs of individuals and the organisation. Beynon-Davies 2002, states; It has become something of a truism that the success of an organisation is dependent on its information systems. As Web applications have evolved, the demands placed on Web-based systems and the complexity of designing, developing, maintaining, and managing these systems have also increased significantly. For example, Web sites such as for the 2000 Sydney Olympics, 1998 Nagano Olympics, and Wimbledon received hundreds of thousands of hits per minute (Ginige and Murugesan, 2001). They provided vast, dynamic information in multiple media formats (graphics, images, and video). Web site design for these and many other applications demand balance among information content, aesthetics, and performance. 1.2  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Key Phrases Olympic Games, Web-Based Information System, Content Management System Internet, Web technology, Database, Dynamic Information, Media Formats 1.3  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Aims and objectives To investigate Web-Based Information Systems with a view to understanding how they work, including concepts, methods, tools and techniques used for developing them. Activities: read literature on Web-Based Information Systems; learn how they operate and also the kind of technologies they are associated with. Deliverables: Section for report To review a selection of different Web-Based Information Systems, investigating their characteristics, similarities, mode of operation and technologies associated with them. Activities: apply for and try to gain access to a selection (open Source) of Web-Based Information Systems and compare them, with a view to understanding their characteristics and the technologies involved with them and also the applications available.Deliverables: Section for report To investigate the Olympic Games and the web technologies associated with it, to gain an understanding of the data (Content and structure), display mechanisms, data transfer methods, data retrieval mechanism’s used in their applications. Activities: apply for and try to gain access during the Internship placement, for sample data and technologies’ already in use by the company to gain a better understanding of the requirements.Deliverables: Section for report To analyse the information gathered so as to establish an adequate requirements specification for developing a Web-Based Information System.Activities: select appropriate tools and techniques to provide an initial set of requirements for the Web-Based Information System.Deliverables: Section for report To design an appropriate Web-Based Information System according to stated requirements; Activities: select appropriate tools and techniques to provide a possible design solution.Deliverables: Section for report To implement a proto-type Web-Based Information System application (for the Olympics games), according to the stated design solution.Activities: Select appropriate methods, design solution and programming language; and implement the proto-type Web-Based Information System using the chosen design solutionDeliverables: Section for report To test the Web-Based Information System application;Activities: chose appropriate test strategies and draw up test plans, and test the applicationDeliverables: Section for report To critically evaluate the work carried out against stated requirements.Activities: to critically evaluate my product and the work carried out, and compare the completed product to the stated requirements and objectives, also discuss the lessons learnt and discuss possible improvements.Deliverables: Section for report 1.4 Scope and Definition This project will focus on the development of a web-based information system for the Olympic Games. The London 2012 Olympic Games would be used as part of an internship arrangement with Atos Origin will be used as a typical example with the requirements and specifications built around its particular needs. The front end of the system will be aimed at the general users (i.e. athletes, media agencies and Journalist) with success measured by its ability to cater to their information needs in real time. The back end will be content management system for the staff (Olympic Local Organising Committee), including all the functions necessary for the smooth running of the Olympic Games. There will be no attempt to develop a full working system to be able to connect to pre-existing IT systems within the organisation, but a proto-type system using similar data types, structures and web technologies. The system will not be designed with scalability in mind however the need will be discussed in the report; As there are several legal, ethical and data right issues which would be discussed in the report, it will be assumed that the data to be used would be of dummy values and not the real thing, therefore the analysis of which applications to use will be conducted on open source software only. The web-based information system will consist of a website with the content and structure being determined by the requirements of the Olympic Games. The front end will be a mixture of both static and dynamic information content which is constantly being updated via the Olympic Local Organising Committee databases (in my case, I would create a replica database with a similar data structure) to allow customisation by the users. 1.5 Literature review The Olympic Games are a complex mix of technology, processes and people. Not only is there the scale and complexity of the project, covering many clients, sites and systems, but it is also a multi-supplier project with many varied dependencies. Furthermore, the whole event is highly visible and the world is watching. And where victory is measured by the smallest margin, there are no second chances! (Source: www.uk.atosorigin.com) The company Atos Origin’s challenge is to create an IT solution for each Olympic Games that allows the capture and reporting of every moment of the action and supports in bringing it to the world via television and the Internet, first time, every time! This requires a blend of specialist skills and experience backed up by a complete understanding of just what the organisers, competitors and audience expect. (Source: www.uk.atosorigin.com) Teams are created to work on client projects, each which have their own budgets, sets of deliverables and timescales. The management of a project is a vital task, as is the coordination of staff resources across a portfolio of current projects whilst ensuring their delivery on time and within budget. As lead integrator, project manager and IT operations manager, Atos Origin is ultimately responsible for the entire IT infrastructure of the Games. The focus is on three key IT areas: Security and Risk Management Games Management Systems Information Diffusion Systems Marchand et al (2000) note that â€Å"Information technology improves business performance only if combined with competent information management and the right behaviours and values.† They go on to conclude that   Companies with high information orientation have focused on getting IT support for key processes in place to manage customer and product information for all aspects of the Games. From this base, the company has developed sophisticated systems and databases for Security and Risk Management, Games Management and Information Diffusion. (Marchand et al 2000). The difference between modelling conventional Information Systems (IS) and modelling Web-Based Information Systems (WIS) is significant. Modelling conventional IS addresses their structured data requirements and process functions within the organisation. Its key concerns are general structured data and processes. On the other hand, a WIS operates to support networked organisations in the integration of specialised Web sites into a common set of tasks for them. Organisational computing network properties are the major focus of WIS. Since WIS and conventional business IS (i.e., data processing systems, management report systems, and decision support systems) normally overlap, the general components of ordinary IS such as structured data (databases), models (model bases), and groupware for decision making can also serve as general components of a WIS.(Wang, 2001) There is a clear difference between a set of Web pages and a WIS in that a WIS supports business process and is usually tightly integrated with other IS. The recent development of WIS suggests that they are revolutionising commerce (Tenenbaum, 1998). They have become tools for online business processing. Also, software agents, content management systems are emerging in WIS to exploit the features of online transactions (Wong, Paciorek, Moore, 1999). WIS can also be viewed as database applications for structured as well as semi-structured data (Arocena Mendelzon, 1998); in fact, the Web has become a major resource for supporting multimedia active documents and developing and sharing knowledge structure collaboratively over the Internet (Gaines Shaw, 1999). Since business IS are migrating from batch processing, time-sharing, and client-server computing to WIS, information infrastructure of the organisations has become a crucial factor in WIS development (Detlor, 2000) The benefits of this experience can be brought to this dissertation project through best practices in areas such as consortium and project management, content and knowledge management, risk driven management, change management, data centres and IT Security. 1.6 Methodology According to CMS (2008), â€Å"a system development methodology refers to the framework that is used to structure, plan, and control the process of developing an information system i.e. the waterfall model, the prototyping model, the spiral etc.† In the context of this project the waterfall model would be used as the framework for development, while an iterative prototyping approach would be used to assist the design, implementation and unit testing. (CMS, 2008) These two approaches were chosen because; The project has to be divided into sequential phases; using the waterfall model where the outcome of one phase is used as the source of input for the next phase i.e. the output from the analysis phase forms the bases of input for the design phase. This is helpful but also causes some delays, because if one phase is not completed the other cannot be started. The waterfall model would also assisted in maintaining tight control over the documentation, because each section of the report would be created as the phase was carried out and approvals and checks would be made to ensure I am on the right track before starting a new phase. (CMS, 2008) The iterative prototyping approach would helped combine both the waterfall and prototyping models allowing me go forward and also retrace my steps where needed. The iterative prototyping would also assist while implementing the product, because the coding could start while the phases are not complete as a mare prototype, which would be improved upon as the design and requirements are stated and analysed further. This would help save time lost using the waterfall model and also provide a platform for unit testing of the product, because each individual component of the system would be tested in turn before the entire application is put together and tested. (CMS, 2008) These approaches have also been justified by; Yeung and Brent Hall (2007), stating that an iterative approach is most suitable for this type of project due to the fact that specification cannot be determined precisely in advance. This would help develop, implement and test the functionality of the systems individual units before the whole system is put together. Coad and Yourdon (1991) also suggested that prototyping should be used for all object-oriented projects. 1.8 Work Plan 1.9   Resources To develop this Web-Based information system, an appropriate computing system with access to internet is required. Some Integrated development environment (Visual Studio, WAMP Server) is required for design and programming, such as CMS (for example, joomla), SQL, JavaScript, PHP server, etc. Also access to the Universities libraries would be needed and Suitable Software Development Tools. Universities computing facilities and my personal computer would be used for all aspects of development and preparing the report. Access to Atos Origins databases, facilities, applications would be needed to gain an understanding of how their existing system works and the required data structure and transfer facilities. 1.10   Ethics and confidentiality The major problem I would have is gaining access to the company’s existing databases and systems, due to the sensitive nature of the data and the company’s intellectual property right, I have opted to ask for permission only to view their data structure and create a mock up data base from it with dummy data values, which would not cause any issues for me or the company if am allowed to. Also most of my research would be done based on open-source systems which are readily available online and my design solution would only be similar in nature to the companies and not the real thing, because my role on the internship is not to help with the creation of the system to be used but to test and monitor its performance and help correct errors and develop documents. My prototype solution is not intended to be used by the company, but is for me to learn how such projects are undertaken and designed. Initial References Beynon-Davis P. (2002), Information systems An introduction to informatics in organisations, Basingstoke: Palgrave Ginige A., Murugesan S. (2001) Web Engineering: An Introduction. IEEE Multimedia, 1-3, pp. 14-18. Choo, C W (2002) Information management for the intelligent organisation, 3rd ed. Information Today, cited in Goker, A. (November 2006) ‘IKM Session 8: Information Users and Access’, City University London Detlor, B., 2000. The corporate portal as information infrastructure: Towards a framework for portal design. International Journal of Information Management 20 2, pp. 91–101. Article |   PDF (132 K) | View Record in Scopus | Cited By in Scopus (48) Chen, J. Q., Heath, R. D. (2001). Building Web applications: Challenges, architecture, and methods. Information Systems Mangement, 18(1), 68–79. Marchand, D. A., Kettinger, W. J., Rollins, J. D. (2000) ‘Information Orientation: People, Technology and the Bottom Line’, p.69-80, MIT Sloan Management Review, Vol. 41 (4) Isakowitz, T., Bieber, M., Vitali, F. (1998). Web information systems. Communications of the ACM, 41(7), 78–80. Tenenbaum, J.M., 1998. WISs and electronic commerce. Communications of the ACM 41 7, pp. 89–90. Wong, D., Paciorek, N. and Moore, D., 1999. Java-based mobile agents. Communications of the ACM 42 3, pp. 92–100. Arocena, G.O. and Mendelzon, A.O., 1998. Viewing WISs as database application. Communications of the ACM 41 7, pp. 101–102. Full Text via CrossRef | View Record in Scopus | Cited By in Scopus (2) Gaines, B.R. and Shaw, M.L.G., 1999. Embedding formal knowledge models in active documents. Communications of the ACM 42 1, pp. 57–63. View Record in Scopus | Cited By in Scopus (13) Wang,S., 2001. Toward a general model for web-based information systems. Int.J.Inf.Manage., 2001, 21, 5, 385-396 Yeung, A. K. W., Brent-Hall, G., (2007), Spatial database systems: design, implementation and project management, Springer. Coad, P., and Yourdon, E., (1991), Object-oriented Design, Prentice Hall

History of Automobile Industry in Michigan Essay

History of Automobile Industry in Michigan - Essay Example South-east Michigan comprises the population of 4.9 million people with the economic footprint extending well beyond the geographical parameter of south-east Michigan and the city of Detroit. Automobile production including the production of its components has spread beyond the geographical boundaries of Michigan encompassing southern state and southern Ontario. The automobile industry has the rich history embedded in the growth of the industrial organization and syndicalism, having a closed link with the history of the United Auto Workers. The versatility and socio-politic dynamism and the organized labor movements had been responsible for laying the grounds for the development of the strong automobile industry. The transport itself had its most crucial role in the growth of the automobile industry. Michigan’s location towards the Western frontier without the flow of the natural rivers and the need to reach the potential markets of fur, iron and copper ore, lumber, and agricu ltural products without natural rivers gave the impetus to develop the cheap and best transportation alternatives. Earlier the only means of transportation were ships across â€Å"Lakes Huran and Erie to eastern markets and from the Upper Peninsula via Lakes Michigan and Superior.† The shipping was greatly developed over the Great Lakes, which was connected to Michigan’s hardwood forests, which in turn led to the building of the shipbuilding firms. The increase in the growth of the lumbering also led to the expansion of the railroad network throughout Michigan. Helped by the federal and land grants, this network was completed by the late nineteenth century and by the year 1900, approximately more than 6,900 miles of track crossed Michigan.

Ethical Issue Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Ethical Issue - Case Study Example Additionally, the principle of autonomy forbids health care providers from exerting pressure on patients to undergo procedures with they do not want performed on them. As such, exerting pressure or failing to give all the pertinent information that a patient requires may result in a breach of the ethical principle of autonomy (Butts and Rich, 2013). Additionally, the principle of autonomy also requires that the vulnerable population, such as the elderly be provided with adequate protection by those administering care to them. This is because they may not be able to understand the information that they require to make the right decision. Based on the facts of the case, it is clear that the principle of autonomy applies to Mr. Jones case in a number of ways. Firstly, the case shows that Mr. Jones, who is an elderly patient requires immediate attention from health care professionals so that his condition can be treated. The medical condition requires that the patient undergo an invasive procedure, such as inserting the tube in his stomach to enable him feed and gain weight. However, according to the principle of autonomy, it is important that the patient be given ample time and opportunity to make an informed decision as to whether or not to undergo the invasive procedure (Butts and Rich, 2013). Therefore, the health care providers adhered to this principle because they gave Mr. Jones ample time and the opportunity to decide whether to undergo an invasive procedure or not. For instance, after Mr. Jones had declined to undergo the treatment, one of the health care professional suggested that the patient be given enough time to make an informed decision, which adhered to the principle. The principle of autonomy also applied to this case because the situation required that the patient be provided with the necessary information to enable him makes an informed decision. Again it is clear from the fact of the case since the health care providers did give all the

Qualitative And Quantitative Research Methods Computer Science Essay

Qualitative And Quantitative Research Methods Computer Science Essay Qualitative research is involves using various methods ranging from participant observation, interviews, and action research, to ethnography, document review and grounded theory in order to investigate and explain phenomena of predominantly human sciences. However, qualitative research can also be found in various other disciplines, subject to suitable methodologies. A general shift in orientation of Information Systems (IS) has resulted in an elevated focus on organizational and managerial rather than technological issues. The reorientation also requires qualitative research to enter the discipline of IS, which used to be exclusively relying on quantitative research for testing its theoretical body. This paper is to review and discuss the methods of qualitative research with the aim of identifying their suitability for research in Information Systems. Based on the limitations and benefits of the individual research methods, a framework for applying such methods will be presented to be considered as a vantage point in applying such methods scientifically. Introduction The concept of methodology refers to the principal way of going about doing research or practicing the discipline in its present activities. Consequently, the term research methodology refers to the way research is being conducted within the discipline, and normally this is methodology is confined to the respective scientific discipline. Research methodology refers to all the methods employed specifically when doing research, e.g. the subjects interviewed, the materials used, the methods used to collect data, etc. The aim is to accurately and exhaustingly describe and list all parameters which led to the obtaining of a certain set of data, so that it could be repeated elsewhere and by other researchers. The methodology also specifies the upper and lower limits, the exact circumstances under which the research was conducted (Alavi Carlson, 1992) (Myers, 1997) (Orlikowski Iacono, 2001). The emergence of computer science and the absence of a research tradition like the disciplines of physics, chemistry, or biology led to the predominance of a technical perspective on information systems. Realizing the tremendous social consequences of information systems, computer science and technology on people and society has paved the way for using qualitative research in this discipline. Not surprisingly, researchers such as (Mangan, 2004) have pointed out the increasing occurrence of qualitative research methods in information system research and its related management areas. Discussion The human desire to shape the world and materialise ideas and concepts brought on us many notoriously failing, yet at other times marvellously ingenious pieces of engineering and concepts of grandeur, which is unique to human life as much as we are able to reflect on ourselves and our actions. This paper is to discuss computer science by defining the terms science and scientific method in relation to the Theory of Science. Based on the writings of (Kuhn, 1962) (Carnap, 1994) (Popper, 1999)and (Chalmers, 1999), the relationships between science, research, development and technology is explored. Computer Science has as its object of investigation the computer as a technology, as a tool to structure knowledge and information in and about our world. As much as computer science is based in mathematics and logic, its theoretical and experimental research methods follow that of classical sciences. However, computer science also features those unique methods of modelling and simulation which have drawn and transformed other sciences while impacting tremendously on artistic and commercial fields. In maintaining a close relationship with technology, computer science is subject to a continuous development parallel to modern life, though lacking a scientific tradition of classical sciences. By the time computer science emerged in the late 1940s, it was more of a bringing together of various existing sciences, culminating in various concepts of other sciences (logic, mathematics, physics) to be re-assembled to bring forth a new theory and practice of general abstraction and specific design. Though termed computer science, however, it is not so obvious that the field qualifies as a science in the traditional sense. Still a young discipline, it also started out very differently than for example similar classic Greek sciences such as mathematics and physics. The historical development of computer science brought about an age of dramatically increased communication, which, for one, allowed other sciences to communicate much more effectively than ever before, while at the same time allowed a holistic view of our world to emerge and establish itself amongst most of todays societies. What is commonly referred to as science can be described a systematic observation of phenomena by means of (certain) sets empirical and logical methods in order to understand such phenomena. We consign to a certain understanding of phenomena, once we have a theory which can help us to explain such phenomena why they are what they are, or why we experience them as we do, whether they follow a certain pattern, etc. Traditionally, the scientific enquiry is first and foremost concerned with the physical world, with empirical phenomena which require logical and empirical methods to observe, describe and explain such phenomena. As such, science is divided into several specific sciences in order to cut down on complexities. Natural sciences contain fields such as physics, chemistry, geology, biology, etc., while social sciences refer to psychology, sociology, economics, anthropology, etc. The humanities refer to areas of investigation such as philosophy, history, linguistics, etc., while culture refers to areas such as religion, art, etc. A special class of science is logic and mathematics, in that they are exclusively abstract fields of enquiry with no need to refer to the physical world in any way. What is referred to as science is also a body of knowledge that is more or less organized, and which gives rise and consistency to the agreed logical and empirical methods employed in going about the observation and explanation of phenomena. However, science is also the concrete application of such organized knowledge to the physical world. Science attempts to explain and understand the physical world. It is important to note that science is always an after-the-fact effort in understanding the observed phenomena. Scientific knowledge is not a priori, meaning, it never occurs before the observation. This is different for logic and mathematics, in that knowledge in these fields does not presuppose an observation. In these fields, conclusions are reached by logic, while at the same time logic is the object and field of investigation. Science presupposes an order in the natural world which structures and order everything in the universe, an order which is relatively constant, and which can be discovered in order to gain increased levels of knowledge about the world. In the end, science is an expression of human curiosity and a desire, and ability, to solve problems. Such problem-solving endeavours eventually lead to the building of theories, attempting to unite and unify all our observations, or a subset of observations into rational structures which depict the natural world. As such, theories are nets cast to catch what we call the world: to rationalize, to explain, and to master it. We endeavor to make the mesh ever finer and finer. (Popper, 1999) The Scientific Method There is no single scientific method. While one could define the scientific method as a set of practices which scientists use to answer questions within their specific field of research or investigation, the methods employed can vary significantly. Some of the methods used for scientific enquiry are of logical nature, as they refer to arriving at deductions from certain hypotheses, or as they refer to causal relationships and their logical implications. Other methods are of an empirical quality, in that they refer to making observations, the designing of instruments (e.g. to collect data), or the designing of controlled experiments. However, all and any scientific method employed is subject to the criterion of being replicable and repeatable. Any other person should be able to duplicate the very experimental setup or enquiry, and produce either the same results, or dissimilar results. This is also a strong indicator of scientific methods being impersonal, or put differently, unless another person can duplicate the results of another scientist, this serves as a sign that there are substantial errors in either the design, the methodology, or the interpretation of such results. Scientific methods are used to generate the logical limits or environment within which to generate information, which can serve either as a result of certain questions asked, or as input to questions to be asked. Such methods also serve to establish scientific theories about whatever can be theorised about in the context of the specific research environment. In science, everything is theoretical until substantiated by logical deduction (or induction), empirical proof, or a combination thereof. The scientific method is characterised by the very nature of science, in that it is never absolute, constantly in a state of being changed and reviewed. All findings are negotiated in empirical terms, and this positivist negotiating process is a recursively self-correcting process which roots science exclusively in the empirical paradigm. It should be noted, though, that the scientific method is just that, a method, a set of human practices geared and calibrated towards obtaining knowledge about the world in a certain, exclusively positivist way. Researchers such as (Feyerabend, 2000) et al. maintained that all human epistemological endeavours, and with that all scientific endeavours, do not arise from a vacuum. All human experience and thought are based on prior experience and thought, thus all experimental data is rather theory-contaminated. This bears specifically on computer science, in that the design of experimental equipment has to follow a similar pattern like the scientific method exemplified above in order to maintain a verifiable baseline. Qualitative Research The most common differentiation between various research methods is that of quantitative versus qualitative research methods. Quantitative research is concerned with quantifiable data, objective measures which can be repeated always and everywhere, given that all parameters which could influence the measurement process have been analysed and specified in the research design. This is the predominant research methodology of all natural sciences (Myers, 1997), and includes methods such as e.g. mathematical modeling (also used in computer science), test performance scores, measurements (weighing, counting, etc.), but also context-free survey responses. Qualitative research is about evaluating, measuring, and understanding of social issues (e.g. in sociology) or human problems (e.g. in psychology), as embedded in a social context featuring the influence of subjective opinions, goals, objectives or understandings (Cresswell, 1994). Here, more than often, it matters for example how questions and statements are worded, and how such is understood across various cultures, societies, groups, or individuals. Accordingly, the methods employed range from participant observation to interviews and questionnaires, in short, whatever method is suitable to elucidate the very quality of a situation or condition. The fact that the Information Systems discipline is rooted in the engineering tradition due to its positivist qualities regarding computer science and the activities around designing and building computers, prototyping and modelling have led researchers such as Roger Clarke to indicate that positivist approaches alone are insufficient to gather the interpretive aspects and qualities which often are emergent phenomena when approaching Information Systems from a management perspective (Clarke, 1995). Positivist Information systems research was classified as positivist by researchers (Orlikowski Baroudi, 1991), provided such research provided quantifiable measures of variables, hypothesis testing and formal propositions about a problem, the phenomenon and the sample of the population. Researchers such as (Yin, 2002) and (Marzanah, 2007), on the contrary, have exemplified the applicability of case study research as a valid approach to information system research. Interpretive Notwithstanding the ideals and benefits of a positivist approach to the world, not all phenomena can be accorded for by an empirical approach as practiced in the hard sciences of physics et al. The attempt to understand the complexities of a subjectively experienced but socially constructed reality in which it is important to understand the context within which such processes happen and meaning is imbued on a multitude of processes and relations, has fostered the scientific approach to history and culture, and the embeddedness of human life into such complex systems (Orlikowski Baroudi, 1991). Irrespective of the perspective on such negotiated contexts, qualitative research still aims at maintaining the objectivity of the researcher as he/she attempts to collect data for interpretation. Likewise, the use of qualitative research in the Information Systems discipline is aimed at producing an understanding of the context of the information system, and the process whereby the informatio n system influences and is influenced by the context (Walsham, 1993). Engineering The movement from logic and mathematics to natural science, social sciences, the humanities and culture is an indication that human society developed parallel to human thought as contained in the purely natural sciences concerned only with the natural world. The development of science beyond those natural sciences and logic and mathematics is to show that humans were successfully integrating and re-integrating the then current knowledge to include further areas of interest which do not correlate with the traditional field of investigation of the respective sciences, i.e. humans were repeatedly relating one subject with another, say, the functions of vitamins in the human body with the effects thereof within a social context. The emergence of computer science was possible by the inclusion of mathematics and logic, in the form of the field of Artificial Intelligence (AI), while at the same time drawing on physics, chemistry, biology and psychology. Since its inception in 1936 as a branch of mathematics, computer science has been limiting itself to an exploration of how mathematics can be codified by and into mechanistic explanations and principles, with the earliest computer programs being FORTRAN in 1954 to solve problems in numerical analysis, and LISP in 1958 to solve problems in symbolic processing. Computer science is more of a meta-activity, in that it reflects on the practice of writing software programs or designing computer hardware. More precisely though, computer science is concerned with the design, development and investigation of empirical methodologies and logical concepts that are the basis of the scientific activities of specifying, developing, implementing and analyzing computational systems (Eden, 2007). Qualitative Research Method in Information System IS research has been the study of processes related to the development of IS applications and the effects that IS applications have on people, particularly in formal settings such as organizations. The importance of IS research until now, has led to a number of different research approaches and methods, usually adapted from other disciplines such as sociology, natural sciences, and business studies. Harvard colloquium on qualitative IS research methods and QualIT conference in Griffith University in Brisbane on November 2005 have highlighted qualitative research, as a distinctive research approach. Qualitative research methods were developed in the social sciences to enable researchers to study social and cultural phenomena. Qualitative data sources include observation and participant observation (fieldwork), interviews and questionnaires, documents and texts, and the researchers impressions and reactions. According to Northcutt McCoy (2004), Myers (2006), and Hesse-Biber Levy (200 6), there are four research methods being used by IS researchers. The research methods are the case study research, ethnography, action research, and grounded theory. Case Study Case study research is the most common qualitative method used in information systems (Alavi and Carlson, 1992). Yin (2002) defines the scope of a case study as an empirical inquiry that investigates a contemporary phenomenon within its real-life context, especially when the boundaries between phenomenon and context are not clearly evident. Yin further suggested the following steps techniques for organizing and conducting the case study research. The steps are to determine and define the research questions, to select the cases and determine data gathering and analysis techniques, prepare to collect data, collect data in the field, to evaluate and analyze the data and lastly preparing the report. There are numerous case study research, in the organizational context for the implementation of information systems, to illustrate and investigate theories related to IS and organization. Ethnography This is the research method of anthropology with its emphasis on culture. It is undertaken by observation, interviews and examination of documents. In the research, the researchers observe their collaborators without prejudice or prior assumptions. Ethnography is widely used in the study of information systems in organizations, from the study of the development of information systems (Davies Nielsen, 1992). Ethnography according to Avison and Myers, (1995) is suited to providing information systems researchers with rich insights into the human, social and organizational aspects of information systems development and application. The goal of ethnographic research is to improve our understanding of human thought and action through interpretation of human actions in context. Basic steps recommended as a general framework for an ethnographic study (Rose et al., 1995), used to conduct an ethnographic study. The steps include preparation to understand, familiarize setting goals and access to observe. Field study to establish rapport with managers and users, observe/interview and collect data. Analysis to compile the collected data, quantify data and compile statistics, preparing report and presenting the findings. Randall, D., et al. (1999), explore the issue of legacy through the use of a long-term empirical investigation into how information technology is employed in a major UK bank. The closeness of their investigation into the day-to-day operations of the bank from the perspectives of individual users (using ethnographic techniques) identifies the embedded nature of the technology and the impact of cultural, organizational, and individual employees legacy on organizational and technical change. Action Research Action research has been promoted and practiced as one way to conduct empirical research within Information System discipline. Information system action research (Davidson, 1998) is applied research to develop a solution that is of practical value to the people with whom the researchers are working, and at the same time to develop theoretical knowledge of value to a research community. According to Baskerville, R. (1999), information system research in has led to a number of different research approaches and methods, adapted from other disciplines such as sociology, natural sciences, and business studies and is often identified by its dual goal of both improving the organization participating in the research project, and the AR practitioner is expected to apply intervention on this environment. Action Research methodology was normally chosen as a research methodology as it provides the research with an inside and working view of the research matter. AR study done is characterized by the researcher applying positive intervention to the organization, while collecting field data about the organization and the effects of the intervention. Grounded Theory Grounded theory is a research method that seeks to develop theory that is grounded in data systematically gathered and analyzed. According to Corbin and Strauss (1990), grounded theory is theory discovery methodology that allows the researcher to develop a theoretical account based on concepts, categories and propositions. There are five phases of grounded theory building: research design, data collection, data ordering, data analysis and literature comparison, and each phase were evaluated against four research quality criteria: construct validity, internal validity, external validity and reliability. Orlikowski, (1993) uses grounded theory research in the findings of an empirical study into two organizations experiences with the adoption and use of CASE tools over time. The study characterizes the organizations experiences in terms of processes of incremental or radical organizational change. These findings are used to develop a theoretical framework for conceptualizing the organiz ational issues around the adoption and use of these tools and issues that have been largely missing from contemporary discussions of CASE tools. Singh et al (2005) discussed on the challenge of methodological implication of moving from grounded theory to user requirement in IS design. Results and Discussion Conclusion A research method is a strategy of inquiry to research design and data collection. The choice of research method will influence the way in which the researcher collects data. Specific research methods also imply different skills, assumptions and research practices. According to Benbasat et al (1996), no single research methodology is better that any other methodology, and in order to ensure the quality of information system research, Clarke (1997) listed the following requirements to be present in an IS research: the research method, applied within the scientific, the interpretive or the engineering tradition, the explication of a body of theory, which in most cases needs to reach back into reference disciplines, and also the extension of the theory. This give rise to the following motivation in conducting qualitative research in IS: Spending many hours in the field, collecting extensive data, and trying to gain access, rapport, as to gain an insider perspective in natural setting, and doing exploratory studies, where variables cannot be identified, theories are not available to explain behavior of participants or their population of study, and theories need to be developed. The qualitative research does also present some challenges that the researchers might face in using the method. In grounded theory, the challenges for the researchers are to set aside, as much as possible, theoretical ideas or notions so that the analytic, substantive theory can emerge, the researcher must recognize that this is a systematic approach to research with specific steps in data analysis. The researcher faces the difficulty of determining when categories are saturated or when the theory is sufficiently detailed. The ethnography is challenging to use for the researchers as the researcher needs to have grounding in cultural anthropology, time to collect data is extensive, involving prolonged time in the field, and there is a possibility to be unable to complete the study or be compromised in the study. In case study research, some of the challenges that the researcher must face is that whether to study a single case or multiple cases. The study of more than one case may dilutes the overall due to the lack of depth. In action research methods, lack of agreed criteria for evaluating action research, further complicates the publication review process, and makes this approach a difficult choice for academics. There is also an issue in both ethical and professional problems. Researchers who do not carefully explain their research orientation may mislead clients who are expecting consulting-type performance, creating an ethical breech regarding informed consent. In the field of IS a variety of research methodologies has been explored by researchers for different aspects of research study depending on the research focus and application domain of the researchers. Whatever research method to use, there must be some way of assuring the quality of the data collected, and the correctness of interpretation. There is also the need of a framework to guide the effort, and to clarify such methodological details, as it will provide a set of guidelines for a good IS research as suggested by Checkland (1991) and Lau (1997). A framework in Table 3 is proposed and has been used by Marzanah (2007) to guide the effort, clarify methodological details as the role of the researcher, the process of problem diagnosis, the nature of the intervention, the extent of reflection and learning intended, and whether there is new knowledge to be gained in the research. The action research approach enabled us to understand the interaction of social organization and information systems, by introducing changes into these processes and observing the effects of these changes. The action research approach is proposed due to the value of capturing and explaining what is going on in real organization. By using action research, it enabled us to understand the interaction of social organization and information systems, by introducing changes into these processes and observing the effects of these changes. It serves as a checklist with its criteria and questions to assess the quality of the research. The qualitative research methodology approach is viewed as significant in IS research due to the value of capturing and explaining what is going on in real organization. It enabled us to understand the interaction of social organization and information systems, the processes and observing the effects of these changes brought forward by IS. A research framework inaction research is proposed as guidance for the research activities to be undertaken to ensure the research objectives are met. The framework would guide the research effort and clarify methodological details of the role of the researcher, the process of problem diagnosis, the real world happening in an organization, the extent of reflection and learning intended, and whether there is new knowledge to be gained.